Travel Vaccines and Advice for Ethiopia
Said to be one of the oldest nations in the world, Ethiopia has a lot to offer those visiting its borders. The country has stunning landscapes with varying terrain and history going to prehistoric times.
Enjoy rafting on the Omo River, see the enormous crocodiles in Lake Chomo, or hike to historic churches. These gorgeous sites offer unique experiences that you can only get in Ethiopia.
Enjoy the hub of city life in Addis Ababa. Sit in the plaza and sip some coffee while taking in the culture and hospitality of the country.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Ethiopia?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Ethiopia
Do I Need a Visa for Ethiopia?
What Is the Climate Like in Ethiopia?
Is It Safe to Travel to Ethiopia?
Lalibela
What Should I Pack for Ethiopia?
United States Embassy in Ethiopia
Do I Need Vaccines for Ethiopia?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Ethiopia. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Ethiopia: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, yellow fever, chikungunya, rabies, hepatitis B, meningitis, influenza, COVID-19, pneumonia, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travelers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
While there is no active polio transmission in Ethiopia, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - Yellow Fever –
Mosquito –
Required if traveling from a region with yellow fever. Recommended for all travelers over 9 months of age. Generally not recommended for Afar and Somali provinces. - Chikungunya –
Mosquito –
Ethiopia is a higher risk region. Vaccination is recommended. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travelers to most regions. - Meningitis –
Airborne & Direct Contact –
Located in the meningitis belt, vaccination is recommended during the dry season (Dec. – June) - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Ethiopia |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travelers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | While there is no active polio transmission in Ethiopia, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. |
| Yellow Fever | Mosquito | Required if traveling from a region with yellow fever. Recommended for all travelers over 9 months of age. Generally not recommended for Afar and Somali provinces. |
| Chikungunya | Mosquito | Ethiopia is a higher risk region. Vaccination is recommended. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travelers to most regions. |
| Meningitis | Airborne & Direct Contact | Located in the meningitis belt, vaccination is recommended during the dry season (Dec. – June) |
Routine Vaccinations for Ethiopia |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Typhoid is transmitted via fecally contaminated food or water, causing severe symptoms. To prevent it, practice hand-washing, consume safe water and food, and consider vaccination, especially when traveling to high-risk areas.
- Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A, a liver infection caused by a contagious virus, can have severe symptoms. To prevent its spread, vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine is essential, along with maintaining hygiene practices. This vaccine effectively protects against infection.
- Yellow Fever – Yellow fever, caused by the yellow fever virus and primarily spread by infected mosquitoes, can be effectively prevented with vaccination. The yellow fever vaccine, with its long-lasting immunity, is essential for travelers to endemic areas and residents in regions where the disease is prevalent.
- Chikungunya – Chikungunya, carried by Aedes mosquitoes, can be prevented through use of repellents, netting and vaccination.
- Rabies – Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects mammals and spreads through the saliva of infected animals, primarily through bites or scratches. Preventing rabies involves vaccinating pets, avoiding contact with wild animals, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposed. The rabies vaccine is a crucial preventive measure that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
- Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B, a liver infection transmitted through infected fluids, can be prevented through safe practices and the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine prompts the immune system to produce antibodies, offering robust and long-lasting protection against the virus.
- Meningitis – Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. The meningitis vaccine, administered through injection, protects against various types of meningitis, including bacterial forms. It’s recommended for high-risk groups, including certain age groups, travelers, and those with specific medical conditions.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are highly contagious viral infections. Vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention. The MMR vaccine, with its two-dose regimen, ensures strong immunity, reducing the risk of disease transmission and protecting both individuals and the broader population from these potentially severe illnesses.
Yellow Fever in Ethiopia
Yellow fever is present throughout Ethiopia. But, vaccination is generally not recommended for travel limited to only the Afar and Somali regions. Travelers are advised to receive the vaccine at least 10 days before arrival in the country. As yellow fever is common in Ethiopia, proof of vaccination may be required when entering another country.
Malaria in Ethiopia
Malaria is present in all regions of Ethiopia under 8,200 feet elevation. Transmission is rare in Addis Ababa. Travelers are advised to take antimalarials to protect themselves from infection. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are recommended for travelers to the region. Malaria parasites in Ethiopia are resistant to chloroquine. Speak with your travel health specialist to identify which antimalarial is best for your trip and medical history.
Ethiopia sits in the meningitis belt. This region of Africa is known for it’s meningitis transmission from December through June. Make sure you are vaccinated against all forms of meningitis before your trip.
Ethiopia requires proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are arriving from a region where the virus is present. Immunization is generally recommended for travel to Ethiopia, except if travel is limited to Afar and Somali provinces.
Mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue are in Ethiopia. Make sure you’re protected with antimalarials, repellents and netting. A travel health specialist will help you determine what protection is right for you.
Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Ethiopia
Prevent Bug Bites in Ethiopia
In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.
Food and Water Safety in Ethiopia
When traveling, ensure food safety by adhering to CDC recommendations, which include eating fully cooked foods, avoiding raw seafood, and selecting reputable dining places. Safely drink bottled beverages, avoiding ice in uncertain water sources, and consume alcohol in moderation. Prevent travelers’ diarrhea through hand hygiene and avoiding street food in unsanitary areas.
Altitude Sickness in Ethiopia
Avoid altitude sickness by gradually ascending to high elevations, allowing your body to acclimatize. Stay hydrated, avoid alcohol and caffeine, and consider medication like acetazolamide. If symptoms such as headaches or dizziness occur, descend promptly to lower altitudes and seek medical assistance if necessary.
Infections To Be Aware of in Ethiopia
- African Tick-Bite Fever – African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted through tick bites. Prevention involves proper clothing, tick repellents, and regular tick inspections. If visiting endemic regions, consult healthcare professionals to further safeguard against ATBF.
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever – Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, a severe viral illness, is primarily transmitted through ticks and can spread through contact with infected bodily fluids. Effective prevention strategies include tick bite prevention, strict infection control in healthcare settings, and ongoing research into the development of a vaccine to combat the disease’s transmission.
- Dengue – Dengue fever, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, significantly impacts global health, affecting up to 400 million people yearly. Without specific antiviral treatments, prevention through avoiding mosquito bites is key. Repellents and nettings are recommended.
- Leishmaniasis – Infected sand flies are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis. Preventive measures include the use of insect repellents, protective clothing and staying indoors during sand fly peak hours.
- Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, a prevalent tropical parasitic disease, spreads through contact with contaminated water. To combat it, avoid infected water sources and use protective clothing.
- Zika – The Zika virus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses risks such as birth defects and sexual transmission. Preventing Zika involves using repellent, practicing safe sex, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
Do I Need a Visa for Ethiopia?
A visa is required for entry to Ethiopia. Passports must have at least six months’ validity and one blank page for entry/exit stamps.
Ethiopia Entry Requirements |
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| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Ethiopia? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
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| Tourist Visa | |
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| Business Visa | |
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| Vaccinations | |
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Sources: Embassy of Ethiopia and U.S. State Department
Proof of yellow fever and polio vaccination may be required at entry.
What Is the Climate Like in Ethiopia?
Ethiopia’s main climate is tropical monsoon. Weather will vary depending on the region. Here are 3 of the major cities and what you can expect when you travel:
- Addis Ababa – The capital of Ethiopia is on the foothills of Mount Entoto. With an elevation of around 7,874 feet, you can experience a pleasant climate year round. Expect average temperatures in the 60-70’s. The main wet season is from June to September with higher temperatures.
- Mekele – This city is located in the Tigrayan Highlands in the north of the country. The warmest it gets is low-80’s and the coolest is low-60’s. Be cautious of traveling during the wet months. Many roads can be inaccessible due to flooding.
- Adama – Also known as Nazret or Nazareth, this city is a major weekend destination located near Addis. With a similar elevation of Addis Ababa, the climate is about the same.
Most of the major cities in Ethiopia have a similar elevation to Addis Ababa. If you’re traveling to lower regions, the climate can be hotter and drier depending on the time you travel.
Be sure to take this into account when packing your bags.
Is It Safe to Travel to Ethiopia?
Ethiopia has had some terrorist attacks over the last few years. Travelers should take extra precautions especially in the Oromia and Amhara regions.
Be cautious of areas with large gatherings. If you think a protest may be forming try to leave the area as a precaution.
Remain alert and cautious if traveling near bordering countries of Ethiopia. There is a high threat of landmines along the western border and tensions are high due to ethnic conflicts.
Ethiopia has a low crime rate compared to other African countries. As with any major city, be wary of pick-pocketing and other theft that are common in Addis Ababa. Many of the crimes are petty but some violent robberies have been known to occur.
Stay alert, take your surroundings into consideration, plan your trips ahead of time, and make sure you have everything you need.
Lalibela
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Over 70% of travelers
will have diarrhea.
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Lalibela is a small town in Ethiopia that is famous for its churches made from rock. These churches are very old, constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries. Visitors can explore the churches and see the beautiful carvings and paintings.
Lalibela is also a religious town, and many festivals are held there throughout the year. One of the most popular festivals is called Timkat and takes place in January. Visitors can also go on guided treks to see the surrounding mountains and beautiful landscape.
The town has a rich history, and visitors can learn about it by visiting the local museum. It also has markets where visitors can buy souvenirs and try the local food.
Lalibela offers a unique experience that combines religion, culture and history, making it a great place to visit in Ethiopia.
What Should I Pack for Ethiopia?
What you need to take to Ethiopia will depend on when you are traveling. Make sure you bring these items with you:
- Rain Gear – If you’re visiting during the wet season bring protective gear against the rain. Consider bringing waterproof shoes. They can help so you don’t need to pack extra socks in your day bag.
- Comfortable Hiking Shoes – A lot of Ethiopia’s wonders involve varying terrain and activities like hiking or climbing. Pack shoes you’ve already broken in and are comfortable wearing for long periods of time.
- Lightweight Jacket – With varying elevation you may find yourself needing to layer. Higher elevations have a different climate. Be sure to have a decent jacket you don’t mind carrying around for when it gets warmer.
United States Embassy in Ethiopia
It’s recommended that you enroll in STEP, the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program, with the U.S. Department of State. It’s a free program that will offer you information from the Embassy on safety conditions, help the U.S. Embassy contact you in an emergency, and help your family and friends get in touch with you in the case of an emergency.
U.S. Embassy Addis Ababa
Entoto Street
PO Box 1014
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Telephone: +(251) 11 130-6000
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: 011 130-6000
Fax: +(251) 11 124-2435 and +(251) 11 124-2419
Note that the Embassy is also closed on both Ethiopian and American Holidays.
The embassy’s services may vary depending on individual needs and circumstances. It’s important for travelers to visit the embassy’s website or contact it directly for more information.
Ready to start your next journey? Call us at or book online now!
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Ethiopia
“I was not expecting to get so educated about health issues concerning my upcoming trip to Ethiopia. I left with confidence having the resource booklet to take with me. The shots didn’t hurt either!”
“Great experience today. Got a good, thorough review of the vaccinations and meds I needed to think about for my travel to Ethiopia. Good guidance and no pressure. Will definitely recommend this service to others.”
“Easy and quick, got loaded up for a jaunt to Ethiopia. Wall-sized map is fun to look at while nurse prepares injections.”
“The service was quick and yet very thorough. Passport Health has done a great job getting me ready for my trip to Ethiopia.”
“Passport Health was a phenomenal help in my preparations to go to Ethiopia! Their customized itinerary package let me know exactly what shots were critical for the exact region I was going to. The nurse who helped me was friendly and was able to advise me above and beyond standard medical jargon about certain medicines and travel supplies based on other people’s feedback. I’m so glad I went there rather than trying to sort things out with a regular doctor who doesn’t have the specialized knowledge that Passport Health offers.”
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