Travel Vaccines and Advice for Madagascar
Set amid the varying spectrum of blue jewel-toned waters of the Indian Ocean is Madagascar. The island nation features a unique array of wildlife, plants and culture.
For those who like to experience destinations by their cuisine, Madagascar offers a wide variety of options. Restaurants specialize in French, Creole and native Madagascan dishes.
Whether you’re traveling to ‘The Red Island’, for the landscape, the culture or the food, adventure is not in short supply.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Madagascar?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Madagascar
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Madagascar
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Madagascar?
What Is the Climate Like in Madagascar?
How Safe Is Madagascar?
Traveling to the Avenue of Baobabs
What Should I Take to Madagascar?
U.S. Embassy in Madagascar
Do I Need Vaccines for Madagascar?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Madagascar. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Madagascar: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, yellow fever, chikungunya, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, COVID-19, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travelers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
While there is no active polio transmission in Madagascar, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - Yellow Fever –
Mosquito –
Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. - Chikungunya –
Mosquito –
Few cases reported since 2016. Increased risk for those who may be in more rural areas. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travelers based on destination, activities and length of stay. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travelers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Madagascar |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travelers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | While there is no active polio transmission in Madagascar, it is vulnerable for outbreaks. Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. |
| Yellow Fever | Mosquito | Required if traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. |
| Chikungunya | Mosquito | Few cases reported since 2016. Increased risk for those who may be in more rural areas. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | Moderate risk country. Vaccine recommended for certain travelers based on destination, activities and length of stay. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travelers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Madagascar |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Salmonella Typhi causes typhoid, a potentially life-threatening illness spread through contaminated food and water. Vaccination is a critical preventive measure, especially for travelers heading to endemic regions or individuals with an increased risk of exposure.
- Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spreading through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms can include fatigue, nausea, stomach pain, and jaundice. The hepatitis A vaccine is a safe and effective shot that provides immunity against the virus, usually given in two doses.
- Polio – Polio is a highly infectious viral disease, potentially leading to paralysis. The polio vaccine effectively prevents this disease. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the poliovirus, offering long-lasting protection and contributing to near-global eradication.
- Chikungunya – Chikungunya, carried by Aedes mosquitoes, can be prevented by using mosquito repellents and eliminating standing water. Vaccination is recommended fro those traveling to regions effected by the disease.
- Rabies – Rabies, a deadly viral infection, spreads through the saliva of infected animals via bites or scratches. Timely vaccination is crucial to prevent the disease in humans. Pre-exposure vaccination is recommended for high-risk individuals, while post-exposure prophylaxis is essential after potential exposure.
- Hepatitis B – The hepatitis B virus leads to liver infection through contact with infected fluids. The most effective safeguard is the hepatitis B vaccine, administered in a series of shots that stimulate the body to produce antibodies, providing long-term immunity. It is crucial for infants and those at an increased risk of exposure.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are preventable diseases that require a proactive approach through vaccination. The MMR vaccine, given in two doses, is a powerful tool in stopping the transmission of these viruses. Ensuring widespread vaccination coverage is essential to protect vulnerable populations and prevent outbreaks.
Malaria in Madagascar
Malaria is present in all regions of Madagascar, except Antananarivo. Travelers are advised to take antimalarials to protect themselves from infection. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are recommended for travelers to the region. Malaria parasites in Madagascar are resistant to chloroquine. Speak with your travel health specialist to identify which antimalarial is best for your trip and medical history.
Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required for entry to Madagascar if arriving from a region with the virus. Immunization is not otherwise recommended for the country.
There is a risk of contracting malaria in Madagascar. Your risk may vary based on where you are going. Share your itinerary with a travel health specialist to see if antimalarial are right for you.
There is medical care in larger Madagascan cities and towns. For those staying in rural areas, there may be a need to travel far to get to the nearest physician.
For more details on any of the above vaccinations, visit our vaccinations page or make an appointment with your local Travel Medicine Specialist. To book your appointment either call or start booking online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Madagascar
Prevent Bug Bites in Madagascar
In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.
Food and Water Safety in Madagascar
When traveling, prioritize food safety with CDC’s advice: consume fully cooked foods, avoid raw seafood, and pick clean eateries. Opt for bottled drinks, exercise caution with ice, and practice responsible alcohol consumption. Prevent travelers’ diarrhea by maintaining good hand hygiene and avoiding street food in unsanitary conditions.
Altitude Sickness in Madagascar
Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), stems from inadequate oxygen at high elevations, causing symptoms like headaches and nausea. Preventing AMS involves gradual ascent, hydration, and potential medication use. Should AMS symptoms develop, swift descent to lower altitudes, rest, and medical evaluation are essential for recovery and safety.
Infections To Be Aware of in Madagascar
- African Tick-Bite Fever – African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted through tick bites. Prevention involves proper clothing, tick repellents, and regular tick inspections. If visiting endemic regions, consult healthcare professionals to further safeguard against ATBF.
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever – Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by tick-borne viruses, necessitates protection against tick bites and strict infection control in healthcare.
- Dengue – Aedes mosquitoes spread dengue to millions globally, prevention is the best defense. The disease can strike multiple times due to its four strains, underscoring the need for mosquito bite prevention like netting and repellents.
- Plague – Yersinia pestis causes plague, transmitted by flea bites and contact with infected animals. Preventive measures include avoiding rodents and using insect repellent.
- Rift Valley Fever – Rift Valley Fever, transmitted by mosquitoes and infected animal contact, can be prevented through livestock vaccination, mosquito control, and safe animal handling practices.
Health Notices and Outbreaks in Madagascar
- Polio – Polio cases have been reported in Madagascar over the last 12 months. Vaccination is considered the best form of protection against the virus. Make sure your polio vaccine history is up-to-date. If you have received the polio vaccine in the past, a single, lifetime booster may be needed.
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Madagascar?
Yes, a visa is required for travel to Madagascar. While visas are available at entry, it is best to obtain before leaving for Madagascar.
Madagascar Entry Requirements |
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| Do I Need A… | For My Trip to Madagascar? | |
|---|---|---|
| Passport |  |
|
| Tourist Visa | |
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| Business Visa | |
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| Vaccinations | |
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Sources: Embassy of Madagascar and U.S. State Department
What Is the Climate Like in Madagascar?
Madagascar tends to have a hot and tropical climate. The country has two predominant seasons, hot and rainy from November to April, cool and dry from May to October.
While the island tends to experience a tropical environment, climate varies throughout due to the changes in elevation. The western coast tends to be drier than the east or the central, and the southwest and deep south have a drier, desert-like climate.
- Antananarivo – As the capital of Madagascar has a humid and subtropical climate during the summer, with mild and dry winters.
- Mahajunga – Located in northwestern Madagascar, this region has a wet and dry season. The rainy season lasts from December to February, during which the whole island experiences monsoon season.
- Fianarantsoa – This southern city experiences less rain than the rest of the country. Warmer weather lasts from November through March and cooler climate ranges from May to September.
How Safe Is Madagascar?
While travel within the country is relatively safe, travelers should exercise caution during times of political turmoil.
Demonstrations and political violence are becoming more common in Madagascar. Track the news and information published by the U.S. Embassy in Antananarivo.
Madagascar armed attacks directed at citizens are on the rise. Travelers should keep a vigilant eye in highly populated areas.
Keep your purse, backpack and belongings close to your body when walking during the day as pick-pocketing and and purse-snatching are not uncommon.
Traveling to the Avenue of Baobabs
Avoid an Embarrassing Stop
Over 70% of travelers
will have diarrhea.
Get protected with Passport Health’s
travelers’ diarrhea kit!
Hundreds of Baobabs, which are trees native to Madagascar, line the world-famous Avenue of Baobabs. Living up to 800 years, these trees have given rise to myths and stories.
Located in Morondava, a city on the west coast of the island, travel time can vary. Flying to the city from Antananarivo takes about an hour, while driving can take upwards of 10 hours.
Roads are narrow and winding. If you are planning on renting a car, be wary of sharp curves, cattle and avoid driving at night.
What Should I Take to Madagascar?
Some essential items to consider for your trip to Madagascar include:
- French/Malagasy to English Dictionary – There are a variety of different dialects in Madagascar, but its official languages are French and Malagasy.
- Water Purification Tablets – If you have plans on camping or visiting remote areas clean water may be rare. Carry purification tablets and use bottled water to drink, and brush teeth.
- Lightweight and Sun Protective Clothing – Heat, humidity and sun are abundant in Madagascar. Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics as they can become uncomfortable in the heat. Long pants and long-sleeved tops will protect you not only from the sun, but also from the high supply of mosquitoes present everywhere.
- Insect Repellent – Mosquitoes feast at night. Apply repellent whether you’re planning to go out on the town, or stay close to your lodging, especially during the country’s wet season.
- Cash – Credit Cards are accepted throughout the capital at hotels, restaurants and some shops. ATM machines tend to be out of order. Keep some cash in bills smaller than $100.
- Raincoat – Tropical climate also means plenty of rain. Make sure to pack either a raincoat or umbrella to shield you from wet weather.
- Headlamp – In many rural areas of Madagascar, there is no electricity. You may find yourself relying on a headlamp or a hand-held lamp to see where you’re going.
U.S. Embassy in Madagascar
All Americans visiting Madagascar should register online with the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program.
If you plan to buy a local SIM card you can also enter your phone number to receive SMS updates from the office.
U.S. Embassy Antananarivo
Lot 207 A, Point Liberty
Andranoro – Antehiroka
105 Antananarivo
Madagascar
Tel: (+261) 20 23 480 00
consantan@state.gov
Visit the U.S. Embassy in Madagascar website before your trip to confirm contact details.
The U.S. Department of State also operates a 24 hour Emergency Operations Center. The collect call number to reach the center while abroad is +1-888-407-4747 or +1-202-501-4444.
If you have any questions about traveling to Madagascar or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment by calling or book online now.
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Madagascar
“My doctor’s office referred me to Passport Health for my vaccinations. I was pleasantly surprised by the ease of getting an appointment, the reminders of my appointment and the report they prepared for me. After reviewing my needs one by one, I received all my needed vaccinations and strategy for my trip to Madagascar. The nurse was very helpful, had a nice “bedside” manner.”
“We are taking a world cruise next year. It will be stopping in 23 countries, many we have never been to, including Madagascar and a safari in South Africa. It was a relief to sit and talk to someone who would review our past inoculations and was knowledgeable about risks and requirements that we will face on our trip. We than came with a prioritized list of suggested vaccinations or boosters. We were offered the option to have Passport Health provide the required medicine, but there was no pressure to do so.”
“I was very happy with the whole process. Very professional and knowledgeable. My son is going to Madagascar and I feel comfortable with what we were told and given at Passport Health. We used the before and I was also very happy. Keep up the good work!”
“They were very thorough. Gave everything in writing that they reviewed with me – marked pages – told me what I didn’t have to worry about. And had amazing recommendations for products ans most available there- they didn’t push products but answered questions when I inquired and told me which ones I really didn’t need – or that I could go with the less costly one. Honestly my trip to Madagascar was the most prepared I have ever been – I was able to enjoy it more than any other trip simply b/c I was never anywhere without what I needed OR MY 9 OTHER TRAVEL COMPANIONS. You should also know I packed only 2 days before for a 12 day trip and I did not do any other research, arrange my travel myself or my visa (I had others do it for me – so I didn’t even get info through those channels. All I can say is thank you thank you and I will never go or speak to anyone else. I wish all my caregiver experiences where as amazing. And as a doctor, I hope my patients feel as good about their experience at my offices. I focus greatly on clear and complete information – this experience surpassed what I could have hope for my patients.”
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