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Pharyngitis occurs when the mucous membranes that line the back of the throat (pharynx) become inflamed. Pharyngitis is the medical term for sore throat and is a common condition that hardly causes significant concern. Typical symptoms of pharyngitis include difficulty swallowing, fever, stomach pain, and dryness. Viral pharyngitis often clears up on its own within a week or so. However, knowing the cause of pharyngitis can help someone determine which treatment options are best for them.