It would be fairly safe to assume that if given a mauve bridesmaid’s dress or mauve curtains, most modern women would be less than enthusiastic. For years, the color mauve’s reputation has been far from fashion-forward, maybe even backward? But this wasn’t always the case.

Mauve enjoyed time in the limelight during the 19th century when the first synthetic dye mauveine, later nicknamed “mauve,” was accidentally and serendipitously discovered during the search for a malaria cure.

Malaria 101

Malaria is a serious, potentially fatal mosquito-borne parasitic disease. It is characterized most by symptoms that resemble a severe flu, including high fever and chills.

Today, about 1, 500 cases are diagnosed annually in the United States. These cases arrive with travelers coming from countries with high malaria transmission rates. Transmission is highest in warm, tropical climates, and especially in areas south of the Sahara desert and in South Asia.

Though still a concern today, malaria problems are incomparable to during 19th century colonialism. As the British marched into more tropical territories, malaria became widespread among colonists. Trade brought the disease back to Europe were it spread quickly.

Though there was a treatment (quinine), availability was limited. The only known natural source of this compound were cinchona trees in South America. Extraction of this compound from these cinchona trees was costly. There was a huge need to synthesize a cheap and more accessible treatment for the growing number of malaria cases.

In the Hands of a Teenager

In 1856, professor August Wilhelm Hoffman at Royal College of Chemistry saw this need as a promising opportunity. The professor gave his young student, William Perkin, the task of coming up with a solution.

Hoffman thought he had the solution to another problem, as well. He wanted Perkin to use the coal waste in the streets, a constant nuisance during the Industrial Revolution, as the main ingredient.

The 18 year-old Perkin set to work in a makeshift laboratory. After trying a couple different compounds to no avail, Perkin began working with a compound called aniline, one of the main byproducts of the coal waste. Again, he found nothing, but this time he was stuck with a tube full of thick, black goop. As he tried to clean out his test tube, he found that it was dyed purple. In fact, everything that touched the goop was stained. Perkin realized that, while he hadn’t discovered a synthetic treatment for malaria, he had discovered the first synthetic dye!

An Unexpected Discovery

Perkin’s discovery of synthetic dye was a welcome alternative to the centuries old natural dyes. Natural dyes were expensive and often difficult to use. This new synthetic dye was more affordable and accessible.

Historically dye, and especially purple dye, was hard to come by and was mostly associated with royalty and wealth. Now, the “common man” was able to use it as well.

Mauve became a fashion fad. French fashion icon Empress Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III, loved the color and had several dresses made using Perkin’s dye. Mauve became one of the most fashionable and sought after colors in Victorian Britain. In fact, the fashion trend spread so quickly that it became known as the “mauve measles.”

The fashion fad didn’t last past the 20th century. But, Perkin’s synthetic dye discovery still had strong implications. We still use synthetic dyes today.

Perkins never discovered a new malaria cure. That didn’t happen until 1934 when a scientist at Bayer laboratories, developed chloroquine. The advancement in other antimalaria drugs helped decrease the number of cases in Europe and throughout the world.

Do you have more questions about malaria or are you traveling to a place where malaria transmission is high? Read more about malaria here. Feel free to contact a Passport Health travel health specialist by calling or book online now.

What do you think about this happy accident? Feel free to comment below or share this article on Facebook or via Twitter.

Written for Passport Health by Adrienne St. Clair

Peru is a top travel destination in the world. With its ruins, trails, and jungles, Peru attracts over 3 million visitors in a year. Like most other excursions, travel to The Land of the Incas requires proper precautions. There are certain health risks to be aware of, such as yellow fever.

What is Yellow Fever?

Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness. The illness can range from mild to severe with organ damage. Symptoms usually develop 3-6 days after infection. The first developed symptoms usually include:

• Sudden onset of fever
• Chills
• Severe headache
• Body aches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness
• Fatigue

Many people begin to improve after the initial display of infection.

About 15 percent of cases progress into a more severe form of the disease. Serious symptoms such as a hemorrhagic fever and jaundice develop. The infection can lead to shock and organ failure. Death occurs in 20 to 50 percent of severe cases.

There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. It is always best to vaccinate against yellow fever before leaving to be better safe than sorry.

Is the Yellow Fever Vaccine Required for Peru?

A yellow fever certificate of vaccination is not required for entry into any region of Peru. But, some regions are at a much higher risk than others, and yellow fever vaccination is recommended by the CDC.

All travelers 9 months and older going to the following regions of Peru should receive the yellow fever vaccine:

• Amazonas
• Loreto
• Madre de Dios
• San Martin
• Ucayali
• Puno
• Cusco
• Junin
• Pasco
• Huanuco

The vaccine is also recommended in designated areas of some other regions. You can check with your travel health specialist to be certain of your risk before traveling.

Other countries, like as Ecuador and Paraguay, require a yellow fever certificate of vaccination when arriving from Peru or other countries with a high risk of yellow fever infection. Depending on your travel itinerary after leaving Peru, you may need proof of vaccination.

What is the Yellow Fever Vaccine?

The yellow fever vaccine is the most important preventive measure against yellow fever. It is safe, affordable, and effective for 10 years after injection. Reactions to the vaccine are mild, if any are to occur.

If you are considering vaccination, Passport Health is an approved yellow fever vaccination center. After vaccination, you will receive an International Certificate of Vaccination for your travels.

What Other Health Risks Are in Peru?

All travelers going to Peru should be up to date on their routine vaccinations. Other recommended vaccines for Peru include Typhoid, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Rabies.

Malaria and zika are also present in Peru, so take precautions to avoid these mosquito-borne illnesses. The following are tips to avoid mosquito bites:

• Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, as well as a hat and boots.
• Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent.
• Stay in enclosed places with air conditioning that use window and door screens. If you may be exposed to mosquitoes when sleeping, use a mosquito bed net.

Traveling to Peru?

If you are planning to travel to Peru and are considering vaccination, you can talk to a Passport Health travel specialist about your concerns. Schedule an appointment by calling or booking online today.

Have you ever been to Peru? Tell us about your visit in the comments below, on Facebook, or via Twitter.

Doctors recommended seniors receive the pneumococcal vaccination for some years. It is not routinely given to those under the age of 65 unless a person is at an increased risk for the disease. But, new research suggests the vaccine is a healthy choice for those at any age with celiac disease.

What Is Celiac Disease?

Those with celiac disease have a hypersensitivity to gluten. This can lead to damage in their small intestine. When people with celiac eat gluten, their body triggers an immune response. The body begins attacking the small intestine, classifying the disease as an autoimmune disorder. This disease is hereditary, and can be difficult to diagnose.

The only treatment for those with celiac disease is a lifelong, strict gluten-free diet.

Why Vaccinate Against Pneumonia If I Have Celiac Disease?

Doctors in the United Kingdom researched the link between pneumonia and celiac disease. In a more than 100,000 person study, they found compelling results.

Participants with celiac disease were at a higher risk of contracting pneumonia, 28 percent more likely to fall ill. This risk appears to be the highest near the time of celiac diagnosis.

The increased risk was only in patients under the age of 65. The CDC recommends pneumonia vaccination at this age.

Why Are People with Celiac More Susceptible to Pneumonia?

There is some evidence that those with celiac disease may have a weakened spleen. The spleen is vital to the body for fighting off infections. So, celiac disease patients may be more susceptible to certain illnesses, such as pneumonia.

Thinking of Getting Your Pneumonia Vaccination?

If you have not received a pneumonia vaccine, you may need one. Especially if you have celiac disease.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs in which the air sacs of one or both lungs become inflamed. It is a common sickness, with more than 3 million cases a year. It can become a life-threatening infection to infants, children, and those over the age of 65. The pneumonia vaccine is the best form of protection against the disease.

The PCV13 is a pneumococcal vaccination that protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria. The PPSV23 pneumonia vaccine protects against 23 different types of pneumococcal bacteria. You can review an adult immunization schedule recommended by the CDC to learn more if you have not yet been vaccinated.

Passport Health offers the pneumonia vaccine at all our clinics across North America. If you are uncertain of your vaccination history, you can get a titer test to learn if you are immune. Your local Passport Health clinic can help both items. Book your appointment today by calling or schedule online now.

Have you ever had pneumonia and/or are you diagnosed with celiac disease? Leave your comments below, on Facebook, or via Twitter.

Vietnam is known for its exotic beaches and rivers, its incredible architecture in its bustling cities, and its wide variety of delicious cuisine. It is one of the most beautiful countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnam is a dream travel destination for those seeking adventure.

It is important to stay health-conscious while traveling to foreign countries. Food- and mosquito-borne illnesses are common health risks while visiting Vietnam. Make sure you take proper precautions before you take off to stay healthy, safe, and to ensure the best trip.

Which Vaccinations Do I Need for Vietnam?

It is highly recommended you to visit a travel health specialist at least four weeks before leaving. Since vaccines for Vietnam can vary based on your itinerary, a Passport Health travel specialist can help you decide which vaccines are necessary.

All travelers, no matter their destination, should be up-to-date on their routine vaccines. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella, varicella (chickenpox), your yearly flu shot, and more.

The CDC recommends the following vaccines when traveling to Vietnam:

• Hepatitis A
  

• Typhoid

Based on where you are visiting in Vietnam, how long you will be staying, and what you will be doing, you may need the following vaccines:

• Japanese Encephalitis
  

• Hepatitis B
  

• Malaria
  

• Rabies
  

• Yellow Fever

Is Zika in Vietnam?

Zika is currently an epidemic in Vietnam. The CDC suggests that the risk to most travelers is low.

But, there is a high risk of birth defects in babies who are born to women who were infected with the Zika virus while pregnant. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should discuss their travel itinerary with their doctor.

Other Health Concerns to Be Aware Of

While vaccines can protect you from some common sicknesses in Vietnam, they do not protect you from all. It is important to be careful of your behaviors to stay healthy and safe.

• Eat and Drink Safely– Only eat food that is cooked and served hot. Only eat fruits and vegetables that you have rinsed in purified water or peeled yourself. Don’t eat food from street vendors, food at room temperature, or undercooked eggs, meat, or fish. Only drink sealed, bottled water. Other safe drinks include carbonated drinks, hot coffee or tea, or pasteurized milk.
• Prevent Bug Bites– Many diseases that cannot be prevented in Vietnam can be spread by bugs; such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. To prevent bug bites, you should use insect repellent. Cover any exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, boots, and hats. You should stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms, and use a bed net if where you’re sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.
• Reduce Exposure to Germs– Be sure to wash your hands with soap often, especially before eating. Clean your hands with hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol if no soap or water is available. Do not touch your eyes, nose, or mouth unless your hands are clean. And, of course, cover your coughs or sneezes and avoid contact with people who are ill.
• Know How to Get Medical Care– It is important to know where to go if you start to feel sick while traveling. A smart traveler will keep a list of the local doctors and hospitals at their destination. You should also review your health insurance plan to make sure of what medical services it can cover during your stay.

Tips for a Perfect Trip to Vietnam

There are countless places to visit while in Vietnam. You will most likely be on the move to various points of interest. You may want to keep these popular destinations and tips in mind during your travels.

A majority of tourists begin their trip in the capitol of Vietnam, Hanoi. This city is particularly interesting because of its great architecture, featuring ancient buildings and new constructions. The city is over 1,000 years old and still bustling with life today.

If you love to be near the water, make sure you plan a visit to the Halong Bay. With its emerald waters and towering islands containing rainforests, it creates an exotic atmosphere. You can enjoy boat journeys, quirky bars, and a relaxed way of life at this destination.

While traveling from place to place in Vietnam, it is important to be aware of taxi scams. It is best to have a decent knowledge of where you’re traveling to. If you feel your driver is going the wrong way, just tell them to pull over and wave down a different ride. You can also order a hotel pick-up from the airport to avoid paying extra in a taxi scam for your first ride.

Planning a Trip to Vietnam? Make an Appointment with a Travel Health Specialist Today!

At Passport Health, you can schedule a travel health consultation with a specialist to help ensure you have the best possible experience during your trip. To schedule an appointment for your upcoming trip call or book online now.

Have you ever been to Vietnam? Share your experience in a comment below, on Facebook, or via Twitter.