Shigella bacteria cause an infection called shigellosis and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) there are about 450,000 infections each year in the United States alone. In most cases, shigellosis, an inflammatory diarrhea, will clear up on its own without treatment. As XDR Shigella strains continue to grow, doctors are concerned about the future of Shigella infections.
Until the early 20th century, the transmission of malaria was unknown. Doctors would argue about what malaria was, what caused it, and how it spread, everything was up in the air about the disease. In 1897, Sir Ronald Ross dissected the stomach tissue of an anopheline mosquito that had previously fed on a malaria patient. Ross found the malaria parasite and went on to prove to the scientific community and everyone else that mosquitoes were the real culprits for transmitting malaria. However, before this, the late 1800s were full of doctors claiming absurd things regarding malaria.
Pharyngitis occurs when the mucous membranes that line the back of the throat (pharynx) become inflamed. Pharyngitis is the medical term for sore throat and is a common condition that hardly causes significant concern. Typical symptoms of pharyngitis include difficulty swallowing, fever, stomach pain, and dryness. Viral pharyngitis often clears up on its own within a week or so. However, knowing the cause of pharyngitis can help someone determine which treatment options are best for them.
A new injection, which was developed by ViiV Healthcare, has been approved by the U.S. health authority to give protection against HIV, UN News reported. The injection’s main active ingredient is cabotegravir, which will help to offer two months of HIV protection. “But we need urgent action to ensure people everywhere can benefit,” Philippe Duneton, UNITAID executive director said.
As global warming continues and glaciers and ice sheets melt, a new threat is surfacing from the permafrost. When land remains frozen for two or more years, it’s called permafrost, according to Newsweek. Some of the oldest permafrost, which is more than 650,000 years old, resides in Siberia. So how could this land, which has been frozen for years, be the cause of a new threat?
