Injection Anxiety: Does it Affect Recall Abilities in Travelers?

Many of us remember being frightened of needles and injections when we were young. Although most people outgrow this fear or learn to live with the slight anxiety that may be triggered, others develop a very real phobia of needles. They may shake, sweat or even pass out. People with a fear of injections may try to avoid them whenever possible, even when doing so is detrimental to their health.

A new study published in the Journal of Travel Medicine has suggested that injection anxiety and/or needle phobia can actually have a negative impact on the recipient’s ability to recall important health information that is verbally communicated to them at the time of the vaccination. This study used the responses of 105 participants in order to test their ability to remember what was told to them during a vaccination at a travel health clinic. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the procedure and the information was compiled and analyzed.

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Travel Health Clinics: More Important Than You Might Think

Many people tend to travel abroad without much thought as to how they will protect their health during their trip. However, consulting a travel health specialist is key to having a successful and safe trip. Even if the specialist just imparts advice to the traveler, the specialist will still be providing him or her with the tools needed to stay healthy overseas. When in need of the expertise provided by a travel health clinic, how do you choose the right one?

No two clinics are alike. Doing your homework before choosing one is highly recommended and there are five questions to consider as you search for a travel health specialist or clinic.

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Travelers: Dr. Scott Morcott & Corey McVey, RN
Destination: Lagos, Nigeria
Trip Date: February 2014

The villagers began lining up before sunrise in the thick Nigerian air. The young and old, the relatively healthy alongside the infirm. They had come with hope and for help from Passport Health’s Corey McVey and Dr. Scott Morcott.

“There was a little bit of everything,” said McVey, executive director of Passport Health clinics in Chicago and Milwaukee. “Upper respiratory infections, sore throats. We treated typhoid and malaria. These are very common diseases there.”

With 1,400 pounds of medical supplies, McVey and Morcott traveled more than 7600 miles from Chicago to Houston to the African city of Lagos not entirely certain what they might see. Morcott had recently come up with a plan to visit a longtime friend and native Nigerian who had founded Life Builders Ministries International, of which Morcott is board chairman.

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Volcano Erupts in Indonesia

The volcanic eruption of Mount Kelud in Indonesia on Friday, February 14, 2014 sheds light upon the issue of the impacts of Mother Nature during travel. Although volcanic activity and earthquakes should not be a surprise due to Indonesia being located in the “Pacific Ring of Fire” where such activity often occurs, the volcano had not erupted since 2007. In December, Chapparrastique volcano in El Salvador also gained worldwide attention when it erupted after over 37 years of inactivity.

The eruption prompted the Indonesian government to raise its eruption alert to its highest level. This eruption has taken 3 lives due to falling debris and smoke inhalation, and over 75,000 residents within a 6 mile radius were ordered to evacuate, calling on military assistance to relocate residents to shelters. Seven airports were closed due to the amount of volcanic ash in the atmosphere and the threat this poses to jet engines compromising safety conditions, suspending travel plans for many.

Protecting You and Your Family During a Volcanic Eruption

When preparing for travel, you may have thought of everything that you need to pack and your itinerary, and still encounter a few surprises along the way. But what do you do when the totally unforeseen occurs, such as a volcano eruption? The Center for Disease Control advises that the best thing to do if you should encounter a volcanic eruption is to follow the advice of local officials. They will be able to provide you with important information, including evacuation details, if needed.

The CDC also provides the following tips if you are faced with this situation:

• If lava is headed towards you, leave the area immediately. Follow evacuation instructions immediately after being warned of imminent danger. When able to do so, evacuate in a vehicle rather than walking, keeping all doors and windows closed. Be aware of the road and any hazardous driving conditions or obstacles. If you are able to, drive your vehicle across the path of danger, and if not, drive away from danger.
• If you are indoors, protect yourself from ash and smoke by closing all windows and doors, and any other entry points for outside air, such as fireplaces or woodstove dampers. Fans, heating and air conditioning should not be used. Remember to also protect pets and livestock by bringing them indoors.
• If you are outdoors, seek an indoor shelter. If caught in rockfall or other falling debris, tuck into a ball and always protect your head. Move up-slop as quickly as possible if you are near a stream or river since rising water and possible mudflows are likely in lower-lying areas. If your eyes, nose, and throat become irritated from volcanic gases and fumes, these symptoms should subside as you immediately relocate to another area. If these symptoms persist, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

The presence of ashfall alone poses its own threat. When faced with ashfall, you should:

• Close all doors and windows and stay inside.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants.
• Protect your eyes with goggles while inside. If ashfall is continuous, your indoor shelter is put at risk after a few hours due to a possible roof collapse caused by the weight of ash, and could possibly block air intakes. If ashfall lasts for more than a few hours, listen to evacuation advice from authorities.
• Remember that exposure to ash can cause harm to your respiratory tract and your health. When outdoors or cleaning ash that has accumulated indoors, an air purifying respirator may be considered, such as an N-95 respirator which is commonly available at hardware stores. All directions should be followed for proper use and maximum protection. A dust mask may be used as a last resort, but they do not offer as much protection as a particulate respirator, such as the N-95. Please note that a particulate respirator does not filter toxic gases and vapors. It is important that all trips outdoors are not for extended periods of time while dust and ash is falling.
• If you have to drive, driving in heavy ashfall should be avoided since the ash can clog engines and stall vehicles. All windows and doors should be closed, and air conditioning should not be used since it will draw in outside air and ash.

For more details on these recent volcanic eruptions and volcano preparedness, please see the listed sources below.

Sources:
https://www.cnn.com/2014/02/13/world/asia/indonesia-volcano-eruption-evacuation/
https://www.cnn.com/2013/12/29/world/americas/el-salvador-chaparrastique-volcano-erupts/index.html
https://www.redcross.org/prepare/disaster/volcano

Going on a Cruise as a Disabled Passenger

As cruise vacations grow more popular, cruise lines are making a dedicated effort to accommodate disabled passengers. Ships are being outfitted with cabins that can fit wheelchairs, support bars and medical equipment. No matter what your situation, it is now easier than ever to enjoy fresh sea air and exotic locations. Here are seven tips for disabled persons who want to go on a cruise:

1. Make Sure You’re Fit to Travel

Before you even book your cruise trip, you should consult with a travel health specialist to assess whether or not it is safe for you to travel. He or she will give you a thorough consultation and listen to your concerns. You may need to arrange for vaccinations as well as travel insurance that can cover any medical attention you may need while on your trip.

2. Get in Touch with a Travel Agent

Once you have been cleared to go on a cruise, you should contact a travel agent, especially one who specializes in making plans that are tailored to unique situations. He or she can help you find a cruise that will provide you with a great experience no matter what your personal situation is. Relying on the expert knowledge of a travel agent can allow for a great cruise experience with as little hassle as possible.

3. Find a Cruise Line that Suits Your Needs

Some of the best cruise lines for disabled passengers are Holland America, Royal Caribbean and NCL. You should check to see if the whole ship is accessible and what plans are made for areas that may not be accessible to you. Your travel agent will be able to advise you on what cruise line and itinerary will be best for you, and you can make an informed decision from there. Don’t be afraid to ask questions!

4. Be Firm about Requesting a Cabin with Disabled Access

Travel agents are very understanding about the needs of potential passengers, so you shouldn’t be ashamed or scared to request a cabin that will accommodate your medical needs. Once you have made your booking, double-check to make sure that your assigned cabin is exactly what you requested, and don’t be afraid to get in touch if a mistake has been made.

5. Bring Extra Medications and Medical Supplies

If you have any medications or supplies that you rely on in your day-to-day life, make sure that you bring an extra amount with you for the cruise. Talk to your travel health specialist before your trip and get a prescription that covers your journey if necessary. This is extremely important as some countries that you will be visiting may not fill a U.S. prescription.

6. Carry a Ship’s Map with You

Once you are onboard, ask for a ship’s map from the staff and carry it with you at all times. You can rely on the map to navigate through accessible and non-accessible areas. Don’t be afraid to ask for a staff member to act as your guide if you need it.

7. Ask about Shore Excursions

While the cruise ship itself will be equipped to handle passengers with various disabilities, some of the ports and shore excursions might not be. For example, some towns and regions might not have wheelchair ramps. If you want to take part in an excursion or visit a location listed on the cruise, you should check with the ship’s staff to see how your needs can be accommodated during the short trip. By asking in advance, alternative arrangements can be made for you so that you do not miss out on any part of your vacation!

Cruises: A Great Way to Relax and Recharge

Thankfully, cruises are becoming progressively more accessible to those with disabilities. With a bit of extra planning, you can fully enjoy a cruise vacation and not miss out on a second of fun! After all, everyone deserves a vacation and the chance to relax and recharge.

Sources
Article from Cruise Critic
CDC Article on Cruise Ship Travel
CDC Page on Traveling with a Disability